A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z All
Bakhtiyar, Yahya
- Studies on the Feeding habits of Labeo rohita (Ham.) from Gho-Manhasa Fish Ponds, Jammu, North India
Authors
1 Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar – 190006, IN
2 Department of Zoology, University of Jammu, Jammu – 180006, IN
Source
Journal of Ecophysiology and Occupational Health, Vol 17, No 1-2 (2017), Pagination: 40-49Abstract
The present study was carried out to study the feeding habits of Labeo rohita from culture ponds of Gho-Manhasa fish farm, Jammu. Monthly samples were collected from the ponds to study the gut contents. In case of L. rohita in LrfI (lowest size group) and LrfII, LrfIII 40 guts/group, LrfIV 50 guts (due to non-availability of the size categorized) and 120 guts each in case of LrfV and LrfVI (largest size group) were analysed. For every group 10 guts/month were analysed to study feeding ecology in case of L. rohita. Individual stomach fullness scale was estimated to a subjective scale, ranging from 0 (empty) to 5 (full). The results so obtained were used to compute percentage volume of food items in the gut (%V), percentage of ocurrence of guts having particular food item (%0) and Index of preponderance (IOP). The food of Labeo rohita consisted of plant (algae and macrophytes) and animal matter (protozoa, rotifers, cladocerans, copepods, molluscs, annelids and insects) besides unidentified matter (UM), sand/mud and detritus. Of the total 420 specimens analyzed, only 84 (20%) were found with empty guts and 336 (80%) were found with food components. Index of Preponderance (IOP) revealed that algae, along with protozoans, rotifers and cladocerans were the most preferred food items in the smaller size groups and marked a decline as the size of the fish increased. In the advanced stages, macrophytes, detritus and sand/mud were Found to form a major share of food. Subsequently rohu has been categorized as omnivore-planktophage in early stages of life and herbi-omnivore in adult stages.Keywords
Feeding, Fish, Gut Contents, Index of Preponderance, Jammu, Labeo rohita, Ponds.- Comparison of the Growth Potential of Macrobrachium rosenbergii in Mono and Polyculture Conditions in Earthen Culture Ponds of Jammu, India
Authors
1 Department of Zoology, University of Jammu, Jammu – 180006, IN
2 Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar – 190006, IN
Source
Journal of Ecophysiology and Occupational Health, Vol 19, No 3&4 (2019), Pagination: 112-119Abstract
The study was conducted to assess the growth and survival of Macrobrachium rosenbergii in earthen culture ponds in order to know about the growth potential of M. rosenbergii in mono as well as polyculture conditions in Jammu. Polyculture experiments of prawn with some selected carps Indian Major Carps (Cirrhinus mrigala and Labeo rohita) and Exotic Carps (Cyprinus carpio) were undertaken in 3 freshwater ponds for duration of 4 months. Under the monoculture conditions, prawns attained an average size of 10.40 ± 0.17 cm weighing 23.84 ± 0.32 g in 4 months and the survival rate was found to be more than 75%. The growth rate of prawns was found to increase steadily during the first half (upto mid-October) after which a decline in the growth rate was evident as the mean temperature reached below 18°C. In the polyculture ponds the prawns attained an average size of 10.10 ± 0.03 cm weighing 18.39 ± 0.89g (without C. carpio) and 8.4 ± 0.36 cm weighing 15.23 ± 0.36 g (with C. carpio) in 4 months and their survival rate was less than 70%. Prawns being benthic feeders utilized the leftover food (of the fishes) that settled at the bottom, therefore, saving the feed cost. It was observed that mean size of the fish attained in the polyculture practice was almost similar to that obtained in the monoculture. The ideal prawn polyculture should be practiced with fast growing compatible carps such as Rohu and grass carp. Bottom feeder carps such as Mrigal (C. mrigala) should be avoided in prawn polyculture practice as they compete with prawns in feeding.Keywords
Indian Major Carps and Growth, Monoculture, M. rosenbergii, Polyculture.References
- de Man JG. On some species of the genus Palaemon Fabr with descriptions of two new forms. Notes from the Leyden Museum. 1879; 1(3):165–84.
- Ahmed N. Prawn and Prawn Fishery of East Pakistan. Dhaka, East Pakistan: Government Press; 1957. p. 31.
- New MB. Freshwater prawn farming: Global status, recent research and a glance at the future. Aquaculture Research. 2005; 36(3):210–30. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.13652109.2005.01237.x
- Laxmappa B, Krishna SM. Polyculture of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium malcolmsonii (H.M. Edwards) in Koilsagar reservoir of Mahabubnagar district (TS), India. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies. 2015; 2(4):147–52.
- Ling SW, Merican ABO. Notes on the life and habits of the adults and larval stages of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man). Proceedings of the Indo-Pacific Fisheries Council FAO; Bangkok. 1961; 9(2):55–60.
- Minamizawa A, Morizane T. Report on study about cultivation technique for freshwater shrimp. Ehime Prefecture Fisheries Laboratory Report (English translation). 1970.
- Ra’anan Z, Cohen D, Rappaport U, Zohar G. The production of freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii in Israel: The effect of added substrates on yields in a monoculture situation. Bamidgeh. 1984; 36:35–40.
- Ra’anan Z, Cohen, D. The production of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii in Israel: IL Selective stocking of size subpopulations. Aquaculture. 1983; 31:369–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(83)90326-5
- Malecha SR, Buck DH, Izuka DR. Polyculture of freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, Chinese and common carps in ponds enriched with swine manure. Aquaculture. 1981; 10:101–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/00448486(81)90173-3
- Hoq, ME, Islam MM, Hossain M.M. Polyculture of freshwater prawn (M. rosenbergii) with Chinese and Indian major carps in farmer’s pond. Journal of Aquaculture in tropics. 1996; 11:135–41.
- Alam MJ, Jahan DA, Pramanik WA, Hoq ME. Polyculture of freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man). Bangladesh Journal of Fisheries. 2001; 5:135–44.
- Ranjeet K, Kurup BM. Heterogeneous individual growth Macrobrachium rosenbergii male morphophytes. Naga, The ICLARM Quarterly. 2002; 25:13–8.
- Dhert P, Sorgeloos P. Live feeds in Aquaculture. Infofish International. 1995; 2(95):31–9.
- Stottrup JG. The elusive copepods: Their production and suitability in marine aquaculture. Aquaculture Research. 2000; 31:703–11. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.13652109.2000.318488.x
- Kuru BM, Ranjeet K. Integration of freshwater prawn culture with rice farming in Kuttanad, India. Naga, World Fish Center Quarterly. 2002; 25:16–9.
- Langer S, Bakhtiyar Y, Malik N, Karlopia SK. Growth, survival and proximate body composition of M. dayanum larvae fed artificial food and natural food organisms under laboratory conditions. International Journal of Biotechnology and Biochemistry. 2009a; 5(3):213–21.
- Langer S, Bakhtiyar Y, Lakhnotra R. Replacement of fishmeal with locally available ingredients in diet composition of Macrobrachium dayanum. African Journal of Agricultural Research. 2011a; 6(5):1080–4.
- Bakhtiyar Y, Lakhnotra R, Langer S. Natural food and feeding habits of a locally available freshwater prawn Macrobrachium dayanum (Henderson) from Jammu waters, North India. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies. 2013; 2(3):33–8.
- Bakhtiyar Y, Samyal A, Langer S. Studies on the effect of delayed initial feeding on survival of Macrobrachium dayanum (Henderson) larvae under laboratory conditions. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies. 2015; 3(2):463–7.
- Bakhtiyar Y, Langer S. Seasonal variation in the proximate body composition of Macrobrachium dayanum (Henderson, 1893) (Decapoda, Caridea) from Gho-Manhasa stream, Jammu, North India. Acta Biologica Turcica. 2016; 29(3):89–98.
- Langer S, Karlopia SK, Bakhtiyar Y. Effect of different feeds on the growth and survival of post larvae of fresh water prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii in Jammu. National Journal of Life Sciences. 2009b; 6(2):187–92.
- Langer S, Karlopia SK, Bakhtiyar Y. Effect of different stocking densities on the growth and survival of freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii under laboratory conditions in Jammu. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture Sciences. 2011b; 1(1):19–25.
- Mohapatra BC, Singh SK, Surkar B, Majhi D, Sarangi, N. Observation of Carp Polyculture with giant freshwater prawn in solar heated fish pond. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science. 2007; 2(2):149–55. https://doi.org/10.3923/jfas.2007.149.155
- Duncan DB. Multiple range and multiple ‘F’ tests. Biometrics. 1955; 11:1–42. https://doi.org/10.2307/3001478
- Chowdhury R, Bhattacharjee H, Angell C. A manual for operating freshwater prawn hatchery. Madras, India: BOBP/MAG/BOBP; 1991. p. 1336.
- Tidwell JH, Coyle SD, Dasgupta S. Effects of stocking different fractions of size graded juvenile prawns on production and population structure during a temperature-limited grow out period. Aquaculture. 2004; 231(1-4):123–34. https:// doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(03)00544-1
- Fujimura T, Okamoto H. Notes on the progress made in developing a mass culture technique for Macrobrachium rosenbergii in Hawaii. Indo-Pacific Fisheries Council Proceedings, 14th Session; Bangkok, Thialand. 1970. p. 17.
- Tunsutapanich A, Chalaypote S, Phuhoung P. Macrobrachium farming in areas with irregular water supply. Giant Prawn 1980: An International Conference on Macrobrachium (Freshwater Prawn) Farming; Bangkok, Thailand. 1980.
- Popper DM, Davidson R. An experiment in rearing freshwater prawns in brackish water. Developments in Aquaculture and Fisheries Science. 1982; 10:173.
- Shirgur GA, Chavan JB, Indulkar ST, Siddique SQ. Extensive pond culture of freshwater, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Aquaculture Productivity. V. R. P. Stanna, Editor. Article No. 36. Freshwater culture. 1988. p. 429–38.
- Raje PC, Joshi VP. Multilocational grow-out trials of Macrobrachium rosenbergii in Western Maharashtra. Proc Freshwater Prawns. College of Fisheries. Panangad, Kerala Agricultural University; 1992. 180–2.
- Indulkar ST, Belsare SS, Ranade AM, Raje PC. Culture of giant fresh water prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii with low inputs in Ratnagiri District of Maharashra. Proc Zool Soc India. 2007; 6(1):1–5.
- El-Sherif MS, Ali-Mervat AM. Effect of rearing systems (Mono and Polyculture) on the Performance of Freshwater Prawn (M. rosenbergii) Juveniles. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science. 2009; 4(3):117–28.
- Haque MM, Narejo NR, Salam MA, Rahmatullah SM, Islam MA. Determination of optimum stocking density of Macrobrachium rosenbergii in carp polyculture in earthen pond. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences. 2003; 16:898–901. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2003.898.901
- Trino ST, Penaflorida VD, Holiver EC. Growth and survival of Penaeus monodon juveniles fed at diet lacking vitamin supplements in a modified extensive culture system. Aquaculture. 1992; 101:25–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(92)90229-E
- Hossain MA, Kibria AS. Over‐wintering growth of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) with carp polyculture in Bangladesh fed formulated diets. Aquaculture Research. 2006 Sep; 37(13):1334–40. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.13652109.2006.01571.x
- Siddique MA, Hossain MA, Miaje MA. Polyculture of giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii with Indian major carps in ponds with supplemental feed. Bangladesh Journal of Fisheries. 1999; 22:67–74.
- Ali ML, Hossain MG, Ahsan CT, Mazid MA. Impact of silver barb (Barbades gonionotus) on growth and survival of prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) in polyculture system. J Agric Univ. 2003; 1:99–104.
- Hossain MA, Islam MS. Optimization of stocking density of freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) in carp polyculture in Bangladesh. Aquaculture Research. 2006; 37(10):994–1000. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.13652109.2006.01518.x
- Vijayan MM, Varghese TJ. Effect of artificial aeration on growth and survival of Indian major carps. Proc Indian Acad Sci. (Anim Sci). 1986; 95(4):371–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03179371
- Sinha VRP. Breeding and culture of Indian Major Carp. Ahmed, S. H. Editor. Advances in fisheries and fish production. New Delhi, India: Hindustan Publishing Corporation; 1998. p. 309.
- Mohanty P. Growth performance of Penaeus monodon at different stocking density. J Inland Fish Soc.1999; 31:44–9.
- Trzebiatowski R, Filipiak J, Jakubowski R. Effect of stock density on growth and survival of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Rich.). Aquaculture. 1981; 22:289–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(81)90155-1
- Mohanty SN, Swamy DN, Tripathi SD. Protein utilization in Indian major carp fry Catla catla (Ham.), Labeo rohita (Ham.) and Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham.) fed with four protein diets. J Aquacult Trop. 1990; 5:173–9.
- Sinha VRP, Ramachandran V. Freshwater fish culture. New Delhi: Indian Council of Agricultural Research; 1985. p. 80.
- Wedemeyer GA. Physiological response of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) to handling and crowding stress in intensive fish culture. J Fish Res Board Canada. 1976; 33:2699–702. https://doi.org/10.1139/f76-320
- Fagerlund UHM, McBride JR, Stone ET. Stress related effects of hatchery rearing density on coho salmon. Trans Am Fish Soc.1981; 110:644–9. https://doi.org/10.1577/15488659(1981)110<644:SEOHRD>2.0.CO;2
- John KR, Venkataswamy M, Sundraraj V. Monoculture bispecies culture and composite culture of Macrobrachium rosenbergii and Macrobrachium malcolmsonii. J Aquacult Trop.1995; 10:37–41.
- Hassan MA, Jafri AK, Khan MA, Anwar MF, Erfanullah. Effect of varying dietary energy to protein ratio on the growth, feed efficiency and carcass composition of Labeo rohita fingerlings. Proc Nat Symp Freshwat Aquacult; Bhubaneswar, India. 1991. p. 78–80.
- Rangacharyulu PV, Sarker S, Mohanty SN, Das KM, Mukhopadhayay PK. Growth and protein utilization in rohu, Labeo rohita under different feeding levels. National Symposium on new Horizons in Fresh water. Aquaculture. 1991; 91:95–7.
- Mohanty RK. Feed intake pattern and growth performance of Indian major carps, common carp and freshwater prawn in a rice-fish integration system. Asian Fisheries Science. 2003; 16:307–16.
- Das T, Krishnamurthy H. Survival rates of Indian carp (Catla catla, Labeo rohita, Cirrhinus mrigala) from the first to fourth week of life under different experimental treatments. Sankhya. 1960; 23:311–6.
- Murty DS, Saha GN, Seevaraj C, Reddy PV, Dey RK. Studies on increased fish production in composite fish culture through nitrogenous fertilization with and without supplementary feeding. J Inland Fish Soc India. 1978; 10:39–45.
- Sen PR, Chakraborty RD. Rearing of major carp fry to fingerlings in freshwater ponds. Symposium on Inland Aquaculture; 1979 Feb. p. 12–4.
- Engle CR. Economic analysis of the commercial production of Tilapia, Colossoma and Macrobrachium rosenbergii in monoculture. Review of Latinoamerica. Aquaculture. 1987; 33:6–25.
- Ghosh S, Ranjan R, Megharajan S, Pattnaik P, Dash B, Edward, L. Mixed culture of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) and flathead grey mullet Mugil cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758) in floating cages. Indian Journal of Fisheries. 2016; 61(3):63–9. https://doi.org/10.21077/ijf.2016.63.3.56378-08
- Cohen D, Ra’anan Z, Barnes A. Production of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii in Israel. l. Intergration into polyculture systems. Aquaculture. 1983; 31:67–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(83)90258-2
- Maor R, Wohlfoth G, Schroeder GL, Haulata G, Barash H. Intensive polyculture of fish in freshwater ponds. Substitution of expensive feeds liquid cow manure. Aquaculture. 1977; 10:25–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/00448486(77)90030-8
- Rouse DB, Stickney RR. Evaluation of the production potential of Macrobrachiurn rosenbergii in monoculture and in polyculture with Tilapia aurea. Journal of the World Mariculture Society. 1982; 13:73–85. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.1982.tb00014.x
- Morphometric Attributes and their Controlling Elements in Himalayan Snow Trout, Schizothorax labiatus inhabiting Vishav Stream of South Kashmir, India
Authors
1 Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar – 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, IN
2 Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar – 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, IN
Source
Journal of Ecophysiology and Occupational Health, Vol 20, No 1&2 (2020), Pagination: 50-56Abstract
The morphometric analysis was carried out in indigenous cyprinid food fish, Schizothorax labiatus (a species of snow trout) collected from Vishav stream, a perennial cold water stream of Kashmir valley, India, wherein various morphometric characters viz., Total Length (TL), Standard Length (SL), Fork Length (FL), Pre-dorsal Length (PDL), Pre-pectoral Length (PPL), Pre-pelvic Length (PPeL), Pre-anal Length (PAL), Anal Fin Length (AL), Head Length (HL), Height of Dorsal Fin (HOD), Snout Length (SnL), Body Depth (BD), Eye Diameter (ED), Inter Orbital Length (IOL), Caudal Fin Length (CL) and Caudal Depth (CD) of 104 fish specimens were measured, correlated and analysed. The morphometric data was calculated in the percentage of total length except SnL, ED and IOL which were calculated in the percentage of HL. The result revealed that the correlation coefficient ranged from 0.770 to 0.995 in proportion to TL and 0.706 to 0.859 in proportion to HL which indicates that all the morphometric characters are highly correlated. All the correlations were significant at the level of p<0.01. During the investigation, the results revealed that in the % of TL, 8 characters were found to be genetically controlled 4 characters as intermediate and none character as environmentally controlled one. In the % of HL, 1 character was found to be included in intermediate character, 2 characters in environmentally controlled characters and none in purely genetically controlled one. As revealed by the regression analysis of different morphometric characters in proportion to TL, the maximum growth was obtained for FL (b = 0.9664) and the minimum growth was obtained for AL (b = 0.0655) and in proportion to HL, the maximum growth was obtained for IOL (b = 0.4689) and the minimum growth was obtained for ED (b = 0.0852).
Keywords
Correlation Coefficient, Kashmir, Morphometric Analysis, Schizothorax labiatus, Vishav Stream/References
- Nayman WH. Growth and ecology of fish population. J Anim Ecol. 1965; 20:201–19.
- Langer S, Tripathi NK, Khajuria B. Morphometric and meristic study of golden Mahaseer (Tor putitora) from Jhajjar stream (J and K), India. Res J Anim Vet Fishery Sci. 2013; 1(7):1–4.
- Vladykov VD. Environmental and taxonomic characters of fishes. Trans Roy Can Inst. 1934; 20:99–140.
- McHugh JL. Geographic variation in the Pacific herring. Copeia.1954; 1954(2):139–51. https://doi.org/10.2307/1440334 5. Allendorf FW, Ryman N, Utter F. Genetics and fishery management: Past, present and future in population genetics and fisheries management. Seattle, WA and London: University of Washington press; 1987. p. 1–20.
- Wimberger PH. Plasticity of fish body shape. The effects of diet, development, family and age in two species of Geophagus (Pisces: Cichlidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society.1992; 45(3):197–218. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1992 .tb00640.x
- Hossain MA, Nahiduzzaman M, Saha D, Khanam MU, Alam MS. Landmark-based morphometric and meristic variations of the endangered Carp, Kalibaus labeo calbasu, from stocks of two isolated rivers, the Jamuna and Halda, and a hatchery. Zoological Studies. 2010; 49(4):556–63.
- Hourston AS. Homing by Canada’s west coast herring to management units and divisions as indicated by tag recoveries.Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 1982; 39(10):1414–22. https://doi.org/10.1139/f82-190
- Iles TD, Sinclair M. Atlantic herring: Stock discreteness and abundance. Science. 1982; 215(4533):627–33. PMid: 17842372.https://doi.org/10.1126/science.215.4533.627
- Hammami I, BaHrI-Sfar L, Kaoueche M, Grenouillet G, Lek S, Kara MH, Ben Hassine OK. Morphological characterization of striped seabream (Lithognathus mormyrus, Sparidae) in some Mediterranean lagoons. Cybium. 2013; 37(1-2):27–139.
- Thompson JD. Phenotypic plasticity as a component of evolutionary change. Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 1991; 6(8):246–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(91)90070-E
- Begg GA, Friedland KD, Pearce JB. Stock identification and its role in stock assessment and fisheries management: an overview. Fisheries Research. 1999; 43(1-3):1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-7836(99)00062-4
- Tandon KK, Johal MS, Bala S. Morphometry of Cirrhinus reba (Hamilton) from Kanjli wetland, Punjab, India. Panjab University Research Journal (Science). 1993; 43(1-4):73–8.
- Johal MS, Tandon KK, Sandhu GS. Mahseer in Lacustrine Waters, Gobindsagar Reservoir. Morphometry of Tor putitora. Mahseer the Game Fish, Nautiyal, P. (Ed.). Dehradun, Rachna, Srinagar, Garhwal: Jagdamba Prakashan Publisher; 1994. p. 67–85.
- Mir JI, Shabir R, Mir FA. Length-weight relationship and condition factor of Schizopyge curvifrons (Heckel, 1838) from River Jhelum, Kashmir, India. World Journal of Fish and Marine Sciences. 2012; 4(3):325–9.
- Hajam RA, Hamid A, Ahmad DN, Bhat SU. Morphometric analysis of Vishav drainage basin using Geo-spatial Technology (GST). International Research Journal of Geology and Mining.2013; 3(3):136–46.
- Talwar PK, Jhingran AG. Talwar PK, Jhingran AG. Inland fishes of India and adjacent countries. 1991.
- Mirza MR. A contribution to the systematics of the Schizothoracine fishes (Pisces: Cyprinidae) with the description of three new tribes. Pakistan Journal of Zoology. 1991; 23:339–41.
- Kullander SO, Fang F, Delling B, Ahlander E. The fishes of the Kashmir Valley. River Jhelum, Kashmir Valley. Impacts on the aquatic environment. Goteborg: Swedmar; 1999. p. 99-167.
- Hoden MJ, Raitt DF. Manual of fisheries science. Part 2. Methods of resource investigation and their application. FAO Fish Tech Pap. 1974; 115:1–214.
- Jayaram KC. Freshwater fishes of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Burma and Sri Lanka. 1981. p. 475.
- Allen GR. Toxotes kimberleyensis, a new species of archerfish (Pisces: Toxotidae) from fresh waters of Western Australia.Records-Australian Museum. 2004; 56(2):225–30. https://doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1975.56.2004.1423
- Price SA, Holzman R, Near TJ, Wainwright PC. Coral reefs promote the evolution of morphological diversity and ecological novelty in labrid fishes. Ecology Letters. 2011; 14(5):462–9. PMid: 21385297. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01607.x
- Farre M, Tuset VM, Maynou F, Recasens L, Lombarte A.Geometric morphology as an alternative for measuring the diversity of fish assemblages. Ecological Indicators. 2013; 29:159– 66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.12.005
- Ryman N, Lagercrantz UL, Andersson L, Chakraborty R, Rosenberg R. Lack of correspondence between genetic and morphologic variability patterns in Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus). Heredity. 1984; 53(3):687–704. https://doi .org/10.1038/hdy.1984.127
- Cheverud JM. A comparison of genetic and phenotypic correlations. Evolution. 1988; 42(5):958–68. PMid: 28581166.https://doi.org/10.2307/2408911
- Swain DP, Foote CJ. Stocks and chameleons: The use of phenotypic variation in stock identification. Fisheries Research. 1999; 43(13):113–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-7836(99)00069-7
- Bhatt JP, Nautiyal P, Singh HR. Racial structure of Himalayan mahseer, Tor putitora (Hamilton) in the river Ganga between Rishikesh and Hardwar. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences.1998; 68(6):587–90.
- Johal MS, Negi RK, Negi T. Age and growth of golden mahseer Tor putitora from Pong reservoir, Himachal Pradesh, India. Him J Env Zools. 2003; 17(2):17–29.
- Negi RK, Negi T. Analysis of morphometric characters of Schizothorax richardsonii (Gray 1832) from the Uttarkashi District of Uttarakhand State, India. Journal of Biological Sciences.2010; 10(6):536–40. https://doi.org/10.3923/jbs.2010.536.540
- Ujjania NC, Kumar G, Langar RK, Krishna G. Biometric studies of mahseer (Tor tor. Ham. 1822) from Bari talab (Udaipur), India. International Journal of Innovations in Bio-Sciences. 2012; 2(3):38–141.
- Vase VK, Reddy DA, Choudhury SR, Balakrishna CH, Satyanaryana Y, Nagesh TS, Das SK. Morphometry and meristic counts of Bombay duck, Harpodon nehereus (Hamilton, 1822) along Sunderban region of West Bengal, India. Proceedings of the International Academy of Ecology and Environmental Sciences. 2014; 4(3):95–105.
- Bhat MA, Mohammad N, Masarat S. Morphometric characters of freshwater fish Cyprinus sp. collected from River Jhelum, Kashmir. International Journal of Innovative Research in Advance Studies. 2016; 3(4):117–20.
- Maji D, Pradhan A, Bhattacharya S, Mahapatra BK. Morphomeristic characteristics of a rare species Synaptura Commersonnii (Lacepede, 1802) from North-East coast of India, West Bengal. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies. 2016; 4:237–41.
- Krishand NR, Tarana N. Analysis of morphometric characters of Schizothorax richardonii (Gray, 1832) from the Uttarkashi District of Uttrakhand State, India. Journal of Biological Sciences.2010; 10(6):536–40. https://doi.org/10.3923/jbs.2010.536.540
- Bhat FA, Yousuf AR, Balkhi MH, Mahdi MD, Shah FA. Lengthweight relationship and morphometric characteristics of Schizothorax spp. in the River Lidder of Kashmir. Indian Journal of Fisheries. 2010; 57(2):73–6.
- Ahmad S, Hussain MA, Alam MM. Morphometric relationships and condition factors of two freshwater barbs, Puntius sophore and Puntius ticto from the Padma river of Bangladesh.Trends in Fisheries Research. 2013; 2(3):15–9. https://doi .org/10.12966/fbls.03.04.2014
- Bhat A., Balkhi, MH, Najar AM, Yousuf AR. Distribution pattern, density and morphometric characteristics of Shizothoracines (Snow trout) in Lidder river, Kashmir. The Bioscan. 2013; 8(2):363–9.
- Bagenal TB, Tesch FW. Age and growth (Methods for Assessment of Fish Production in Fresh Waters). T. Bagenal, Ed. Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1978. p. 101–36.
- Hoque MA, Hossain MA. Length-weight relationship and condition factor of the cat fish Mystus vittatus (Bloch) (Cypriniformes: Bagridae). University Journal of Zoology, Rajshahi University. 1992; 10:113–4.
- Froese R. Cube law, condition factor and weight-length relationships: History, meta‐analysis and recommendations.Journal of Applied Ichthyology. 2006; 22(4):241–53. https://doi .org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2006.00805.x
- Alam MM, Jahan SN, Hussain MA, De M, Goutham-Bharathi MP, Magalhaes AB, Mazlan AG, Simon KD. Length-length relationship, length-weight relationship and condition factor of freshwater fish species of Bangladesh. Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation and Legislation. 2013; 6(5):498–509.
- Sharma NK, Mir JI, Pandey N, Singh R. Morphometric and meristic characteristics of Birdi Loach, Botia birdi (Chaudhuri, 1909) from a Tributary of Indus Basin, Jammu and Kashmir, India. World Journal of Fish and Marine Sciences. 2014; 6(3):262–6.
- Gharaei A. Morphometric and meristic studies of snow trout Schizothorax zarudnyi (Nikolskii, 1897) as a threatened endemic fish. World Journal of Fish and Marine Sciences. 2012; 4(4): 426–9.
- Poria M, Nouri F, Ghanbary K, Heshmatzad P. Interrelationship between morphometric variables and body weight Capoeta trutta (Heckel, 1843) evaluated by path analysis in Gamasiab River of Kermanshah Province, West of Iran. World Journal of Fish and Marine Sciences. 2013; 5(6):674–9.